Thinking: How to Accelerate the Development of Agricultural Mechanization in the Hilly and Mountainous Areas of South China

Undoubtedly, while China's agricultural mechanization industry is developing at a high speed, there are inevitably some new problems, mainly in four aspects: one is the gap between the South and the North; the other is the gap between the plains and the hilly mountains; It is the gap between the mechanization level of rice and cash crops; the fourth is the gap between traditional agricultural machinery and facility agriculture. How to solve these four major contradictions is a major issue facing all agricultural machinery. To this end, the recent director of the Jiangxi Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau Xu Youguang personally led a delegation to visit the southern hilly mountainous areas of China - the revolutionary old district of Weinan. In the process of visiting, we found out how to break through the “bottleneck” of agricultural mechanization development in the hilly and mountainous areas of the south, and drive the people in the old areas to get rid of poverty and get rich. The city of Cangzhou has embarked on a feasible way, that is, to grasp the facilities agriculture.

I. Current situation and development prospects

As an important form of modern agricultural development, facility agriculture is an effective carrier for project agriculture construction and an effective way to promote agricultural scale. It is of great significance for improving agricultural competitiveness and promoting farmers' income. Quzhou is located in the southwestern part of the Yangtze River. It administers 18 counties (districts) and 283 townships (towns) with a population of 9.8 million. The land area is 39,400 square kilometers, including 5.77 million mu of cultivated land. The landform belongs to the hilly mountainous area. It is called Qishan and Yishui. A field, half way road plus manor. The main crops are rice, fruit, and vegetables. Weinan is a typical subtropical monsoon humid climate with four distinct seasons, abundant light and heat, abundant precipitation, long growing season, significant changes in cold and warm, and excellent conditions for developing facilities agriculture. The annual accumulated temperature (temperature above 10 °C) can reach 6000 °C, the frost-free period is long, the overall groundwater level of the soil is high, the relative humidity of 10cm soil is 60%-90%, and the annual average sunshine hours is 1813 hours. Temperature, water resources and The caloric condition is suitable for crop growth, which is conducive to crop dry matter accumulation and soil organic matter decomposition.

Luzhou is the revolutionary old district of the country. It is the main body and core area of ​​the Central Soviet Area during the Agrarian Revolutionary War. The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established here. The 25,000-mile Long March was set off here. The people of the old district of southern Anhui made the Chinese revolutionary cause. Significant contributions and great sacrifices.

Centered on Ganzhou, within a radius of 200 kilometers, there are nine cities in the four provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan, with a population of 40 million. There are Beijing-Kowloon Railway, Daguang Expressway, Xiamen-Chengdu Expressway, Jiguang Expressway, Quannan Expressway, National Highway 105, and National Highway 323. , Zhangzhou Airport (4D level), convenient transportation.

In 2016, the rice planting area was 7.69 million mu, the orchard area was 2.47 million mu, the vegetable and edible fungi was 1.8 million mu; the grain output was 2.87 million tons, the fruit output was 1.42 million tons, and the vegetable and edible fungi output was 2.99 million tons. 23.38 million tons.

Vegetables are one of the traditional industries in which Zhangzhou has a comparative advantage. In recent years, Ganzhou City has taken the development of facility agriculture as the main direction of agricultural restructuring, and has insisted on “building vegetables into an agricultural pillar with a production value of over 10 billion yuan, and making Zhangzhou an important vegetable distribution center in Jiangnan”, highlighting the rich citizens. The “vegetable basket” products, the construction of vegetable export bases, and the promotion of the poverty alleviation of the vegetable industry have made major strategic decisions for the development of a million mu of facility agriculture in the city. Driven by the "six major battles", the vegetable industry in Chenzhou City is in a period of rapid and vigorous development, and has established a large number of vegetable bases. The "vegetable basket" project has gradually consolidated. By the end of 2017, the total area of ​​facility agriculture in the city has reached 207,700 mu, including 96,300 mu of solar greenhouses and 107,400 mu of arches. Two 10,000-mu facility agricultural demonstration parks and 19 high-standard vegetable demonstration bases have been built. A single plastic greenhouse with a height of 60,000 mu and a standard greenhouse of 28,500 mu. In the facility agricultural cultivation, more than 10 kinds of pollution-free cultivation techniques such as the introduction of excellent varieties, greenhouse vegetables, early planting, planting, seedling, grafting, soil testing, fertilization and drip irrigation are widely promoted. The internal structure adjustment of facility agriculture is accelerated. The facilities are mainly vegetables, and they are extended to many areas such as facilities, fruits, facilities, flowers, and edible fungi. Basically achieved production throughout the year, balanced supply. At present, the annual output of facilities such as pepper, tomato, cucumber, eggplant and watermelon is 650,000 tons, and the quality of more than 90% of the products reaches the standard of pollution-free agricultural products. There are 58 vegetable varieties that have obtained certification for pollution-free agricultural products.

Second, the main measures

(1) The government promotes the implementation of the work at a high level. The Cangzhou Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Government and the counties (cities, districts) attach great importance to the work of facility agriculture, and use the facility agriculture as the “top-ranking” project to grasp, plan early, arrange early, and get started early. In 2015, the Ganzhou Municipal Government issued the “Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of the Vegetable Industry”. In 2017, the “Implementation Plan for the Development of the Vegetable Industry in Zhangzhou City” was issued in 2017, which clarified the development of vegetable bases and steel frames in the counties (cities, districts) this year. Guidance task indicators for greenhouse area. Strengthen supervision and assessment, formulate assessment methods for the development of vegetable industry, quantitative evaluation indicators, focus on assessing the implementation of vegetable development plans, cultivating new business entities, quality and safety of vegetable products, as well as leadership attention and policy funding. In 2018, we will strive to build a scale vegetable base of 100,000 mu.

(2) Strengthening policy guidance and awards and support. The Cangzhou Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have introduced the "Opinions of the People's Government of Cangzhou City on Further Promoting the Development of the Vegetable Industry", the Implementation Plan of the Vegetable Industry Development in Zhangzhou City in 2017, and the Implementation Plan for the Poverty Alleviation of Vegetable Industry in Cangzhou City. Facility agriculture further made clear provisions on policy support, continued to strengthen services, and fully mobilized all parties to develop facility agriculture. The municipal and county governments set up special funds for the development of vegetable industry, rewarded vegetable vegetable standard vegetable fields, production facilities, and basic vegetable farmers, expanded the vegetable base area, and promoted the development of greenhouse facilities.

(3) Accelerate the promotion and application of practical cultivation techniques. Focus on the promotion of continuous obstacle management, green prevention and control, soil testing and fertilization, as well as land cultivation, water and fertilizer integration, field head pre-cooling, facility environmental regulation and other advanced technology and equipment. Strengthen cooperation with universities and vegetable scientific research institutions, rely on the platform and resources of the Municipal Agricultural Science Institute, set up a vegetable industry technology research team, and speed up the selection and promotion of suitable local vegetable varieties. Strengthen the technical connection with the main vegetable producing areas, adhere to the "please come in and send out", through the combination of classroom training and base training, each county (city, district) organizes at least two business backbones and vegetables in the year. The main body concentrated training, and vigorously cultivate local farmers vegetable technicians and production line experts. Since the beginning of this year, the organization has implemented the scientific and technological guidance pairing assistance activities, and dispatched technical personnel to the vegetable base to carry out technical demonstration and guidance. The training courses and live demonstrations were held several times to let the farmers master the facilities agricultural production technology, improve the technology arrival rate, and improve the production management level.

(4) Vigorously promote the vegetable industry to drive poor households out of poverty and become rich. In accordance with the "five-one" industry poverty alleviation ideas, play the main role, activate endogenous power, explore the driving model, and promote the implementation of poverty alleviation policies in the vegetable industry to the village to the household. Guide and improve the linkage mechanism, promote the factor share, business model, land transfer, order production and other modes, and expand the existing base to drive the coverage of poor households. Implement "one-on-one" technology pairing measures, push agricultural time farming, production technology, price market, and effectively help solve problems in vegetable production technology and sales. In 2017, 30,000 mu of vegetable bases of 50 mu and above will be newly built (expanded). Two counts of poverty alleviation demonstrations for vegetable industry will be added to each county (city, district) to cover or directly drive 30,000 poor people to increase income through the vegetable industry.

Third, the main problems

The facility agriculture in Zhangzhou City is in a period of rapid and vigorous development, but it is restricted by factors such as capital, technology and infrastructure. From the perspective of the development level of facility agriculture, there are problems such as unscientific base construction, low technical content and insufficient capital investment. . Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) The construction of the base is unscientific. First, the location of the base is unreasonable. Many county (city, district) vegetable bases have not carried out preliminary surveys and site selection plans, and they have started construction blindly, regardless of the terrain, water sources and vents. Second, the irrigation and drainage system is not scientific. Due to the abundant rainfall throughout the year, the base irrigation and drainage system is the core issue of vegetable base construction. According to the survey, most vegetable bases in southern Anhui Province lacked irrigation and drainage facilities, or the design of irrigation and drainage systems was unscientific, and even the phenomenon of rainwater intrusion occurred. Third, the construction of greenhouses is not standardized. Many base sheds are facing confusion, and the shed spacing is too narrow; Xiaqiu 茬 茬 、, cooling, dehumidification cultivation and winter spring 茬 insulation, light cultivation and other supporting facilities are few.

(2) The technical content is not high. Farmers' cultural level is relatively low. The ability to accept and apply high-yield cultivation techniques in facilities and agriculture is poor. The understanding of policies, technologies and information for developing facilities agriculture is not enough. The producers' cultivation techniques are not high, and new technologies and new achievements are available. The rate and the rate of arrival are low; the variety innovation is insufficient, the disease prevention is not enough, and the promotion of science and technology is not deep enough.

(3) Insufficient capital investment. First, the investment in facility agriculture is very large. At present, the construction of an acre of brick and steel structure greenhouse in Zhangzhou City is about 140,000 yuan, and the construction of an acre of soil and steel structure greenhouse is about 90,000 yuan. For farmers with relatively small income, there is still no The ability to fully assume construction funds. Second, the threshold for facilities agriculture loans is relatively high, the loan period is short, the amount is small, and the mortgage loan cannot be mortgaged. The farmer's joint-owner's guarantee ability is weak and the credit risk is high. Therefore, the banking and credit department's enthusiasm for lending is not high. Third, insufficient investment in facilities and agricultural science and technology promotion, shortage of work funds, many mature production technologies can not be promoted and applied, affecting the improvement of the efficiency of facilities agriculture.

Fourth, some thoughts

After a few days of visits, we found that the current “bottleneck” in the process of agricultural mechanization in the hilly and mountainous areas of the south has many problems to be solved.

Thinking 1, how to accelerate the development of agricultural mechanization in the hilly areas of the south, especially in the old revolutionary areas?

As is known to all, in the revolutionary war years, most of the revolutionary old districts in the hilly and mountainous areas of the south have made tremendous sacrifices and contributions to the liberation of the Chinese people. However, in the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, they enjoy less, the current agricultural machinery. The focus of the purchase subsidy policy remains on the North, the Plains and rice machinery. Taking Zhangzhou as an example, the population of Ganzhou accounts for one-fifth of Jiangxi's province and accounts for a quarter of Jiangxi's province. In 2017, agricultural machinery purchase subsidies accounted for only one-fifth of the province's total. How to make the old people get more benefits in the rapid development of agricultural machinery, it is particularly urgent.

Thinking 2. According to the request of the Vice Minister Zhang Taolin's agricultural machinery department to promote the transformation and upgrading of services in the construction of “five districts and one park”, how can the agricultural machinery department play its due role in the journey of building modern agriculture?

At the National Agricultural Mechanization Work Conference at the beginning of the year, Vice Minister Zhang Taolin pointed out: Promoting the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery operation services around the construction of “five districts and one park”. Building a "five districts and one park" is an important starting point for this year's agricultural and rural work. Agricultural mechanization is an important support and important symbol of the construction of the park. The construction of the park also provides a good opportunity for the development of agricultural mechanization. The competent departments of agricultural machinery in various places should take the initiative to take the position, take the development of convenient agricultural machinery socialization services as the entry point, actively participate in the park planning, invest in the construction of the park, and develop the service park. The first is to cultivate the main body of agricultural machinery in the park, support the guidance of cooperatives and agricultural operators to enter the park, explore new modes of operation of “machinery and farmers”, carry out scale operations, extend the industrial chain, and enhance operational efficiency. The second is to explore a new type of agricultural machinery socialization service model, relying on the park, promote the "Internet + order operations", custody operations, contracting operations and other service models, expand service content, innovative interest linkage mechanism, create a number of service brands, demonstration and drive agricultural machinery operations Service upgrades. The third is to build a new highland for agricultural machinery technology promotion services, actively strive for the construction of the park to tilt toward agricultural machinery, and strengthen the construction of supporting facilities such as machine farm roads, field sheds, drying and storage. Promote agricultural mechanization funds, projects, technologies, and talents to gather in the park and support the construction of modern agriculture in the park. Relying on the park to promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural trade, establish a high-standard demonstration base, upgrade agricultural machinery technology and operation services.

However, it is puzzling that in the wave of modern agricultural demonstration parks and vegetable greenhouse construction in full swing, the agricultural machinery sector has almost become a spectator due to lack of relevant policy support. Therefore, we call for the introduction of a subsidy policy for subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery in the hilly areas of the south, especially in the old revolutionary areas, and the pilot subsidy policy for regional differentiation. The greenhouse facilities will be included in the scope of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies as soon as possible. To give full play to the role of the agricultural machinery sector in the modern agricultural journey. (Original title: The Call of the People in the Old District - A Survey Report on the Facility Agriculture in the Southern Hilly Mountains)