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As the largest river in China, the Yangtze River has great potential for water transport and is known as the golden waterway.
In recent years, with the sustained and rapid development of the Yangtze River Basin economy, the rapid rise of 10 billion tons of large ports along the line, the Yangtze River water transport development is even faster. In 2012, the Yangtze River water transport volume reached 1.8 billion tons. The cargo transport volume of a Yangtze River is equivalent to 42% of the national railway network traffic volume, three times that of the US Mississippi River and five times that of the European Rhine River. It has been in the world for many years. The first place in traffic.
Behind the amazing achievements of the Yangtze River water transport is a large-scale approach to the modern Yangtze River channel.
For water transport, the waterway is the foundation and the pilot. The development of water transport depends on the improvement of the navigation level and the improvement of the navigation conditions. In 2012, the Minister of Transportation and Transportation Jiang Waterway Bureau announced that after more than 50 years of construction and maintenance, the Yangtze River trunk channel took the lead in building a high-grade waterway in the country's inland rivers, and the navigation conditions were fully upgraded.
Strategic thinking
The Yangtze River Waterway Bureau is a specialized agency established by the state on the Yangtze River to develop, construct, manage and maintain the Yangtze River trunk channel. It is affiliated to the Ministry of Transport and is a public welfare large-scale institution.
Since the founding of New China, in line with China's economic and social development, the Yangtze River Channel has experienced a long process of development. It has always been an important transportation channel along the Yangtze River and played an important role in promoting the economic and social development of the basin. Since the 10th Five-Year Plan, in order to meet the increasing shipping demand for the Yangtze River navigation channel for economic and social development, and to adapt to the new situation of large-scale shipping and transportation specialization of the Yangtze River shipping, the leadership team of the Yangtze River Navigation Bureau has guided the scientific development concept, emancipating the mind and developing Innovative, advancing with the times, in the overall development strategy, put forward the development concept of “serving the Yangtze River water transport, serving the economy along the Yangtze River and serving the river basin peopleâ€; and determining the “three steps of the four waterways to realize the modernization of the Yangtze River channel by 2020†The strategic deployment; clarified the idea of ​​"based on one acceleration, achieving two first, achieving five pursuits". "One acceleration" is to speed up the construction of the Yangtze River channel; the "two take the lead" is to take the lead in modernizing the national inland waterway system and give full play to the demonstration and leading role; to take the lead in modernizing the Yangtze River shipping system and give full play to the foundation and leading role. The "five pursuits" are to pursue smoother, more efficient, safer, greener and more harmonious, and provide strong support and guarantee for the economic and social development along the Yangtze River and the modernization of the Yangtze River water transport.
In terms of waterway construction management, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau put forward the guiding ideology of “ideal liberation, major transformation, and market openingâ€. The great liberation of thought is to achieve the "three breaks and three standings" of ideological concepts, break the idea of ​​small-scale investment and construction, establish a work concept of advanced planning and initiative, and carry out large-scale construction; break the emphasis on internal protection, establish a sea of ​​rivers, and both internal and external Open thinking; breaking the idea of ​​step by step, establishing the first to develop and create a first-class world vision. The big change in the way is to change the construction concept, build an ecologically-friendly and resource-saving modern Yangtze River channel; change the construction ideas, pay attention to the prospects on the basis of following the law of waterway management; change the management mode and establish the management to adapt to the big construction Institutional, efficient, flexible and pragmatic operational mechanism. The opening of the market is to further open up the pre-market, design market, construction market, supervision market and bidding market for the construction of the Yangtze River Channel. As long as it can be solved through the market, it must be open to the society and comprehensively establish an open, fair and just waterway construction. Competitive mechanism.
By the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau proposed a new goal of building a "world-class modern inland waterway". The director of the bureau, Xiong Xuebin, said that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's urbanization and industrialization are in an accelerated phase. It is expected to maintain sustained and rapid growth. The main stream of the Yangtze River and some tributaries will form a dense belt of industrial dense belts and water transport, and a new situation of positive interaction between the economy along the Yangtze River and the development of waterways will be formed. The Yangtze River Channel will accelerate the transformation and development in the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€. By strengthening scientific and technological innovation, implementing large-scale system management projects for the navigation channel, completing the planning and construction goals in 2020, improving the navigation capacity and information level, and fully establishing the digital navigation channel, the Yangtze River The channel construction has become a world-class modern inland waterway.
The establishment of a series of development strategies that keep pace with the times has won the initiative for the development of the Yangtze River Channel, ensuring that the Yangtze River Channel has always marched along the track of scientific health.
Renovation and construction
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and the state attached great importance to the development and construction of the Yangtze River Channel. Since the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", the Yangtze River's mid-stream navigation channel has been rectified as a symbol, the state's investment in the Yangtze River channel construction has been increasing, and the Yangtze River channel construction has been accelerating. . In accordance with the construction ideas of “deep downstream, smooth middle reaches, and extended upstreamâ€, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau carried out large-scale rectification and construction of the Yangtze River trunk channel, and more than 20 sections of the key obstacles to navigation and navigation were effectively managed. Downstream, Luohuzhou, Daijiazhou, Yaksha, Zhangnan, Madang, Anqing, Heishuzhou, Taiziji reef, Tuqiao, Jiangwu, Gangzhi, Fujiangsha and other waterway improvement projects were implemented to realize the downstream channel. Deep hydration; in the middle reaches, the implementation of the channel improvement projects of Zhijiang-Jiangkou, Shashi, Wama, Nianziwan, Dianchikou, and kiln supervision, effectively improved the navigation conditions of the key obstacles to navigation; in the upstream, combined with the construction of the Three Gorges Project The Yangtze River Waterway Bureau upgraded all the original 1390 navigation marks in the reservoir area to the 175-meter water level line, re-established the navigation road reform supporting construction project in the Three Gorges reservoir area and the reef project in the reservoir area, and cleared the safety hazards of the Kuwei channel. The navigation channel of the reservoir area has been fundamentally improved; after the implementation of the first and second channel improvement projects in the section of the Yushui section and the Xuyu section, the navigation level of the river section above Chongqing has been upgraded to the third level, and the whole channel section of the main channel has been realized day and night navigation.
The Jingjiang Channel in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River starts from Yichang Zhicheng and ends at Hunan Chenglingji, with a total length of 347.2 kilometers, including 17 key shoals and shoals in Taipingkou, Majiazui, Zhoutian, Nianziwan and Yaoguan. The waterway is winding and winding, and the development of the beach is fierce. It has always been the "bayonet" of the middle navigation channel. A few years ago, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau had already joined the country's top research institutes, and carried out dozens of key technology research projects on the Jingjiang waterway remediation, and carried out more than 10 rectification engineering practices. On July 26, 2012, under the efforts of the bureau, the “Feasibility Study Report of the Changmenxi-Xiongzhou Section of the Jingjiang River Channel Improvement Project in the Middle Yangtze River†was successfully reviewed and evaluated by the National Development and Reform Commission in Han, April 2, 2013. The Ministry of Transport officially approved the preliminary design of the channel improvement project for the river section, indicating that from this year, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau will systematically control 13 shallow waterways in the Jingjiang Channel. By 2015, the Jingjiang River after rectification will fully reach the channel scale with a water depth of 3.5 meters, a voyage width of 150 meters and a bending radius of 1000 meters, and a first-class navigation channel standard with a navigation guarantee rate of 98%, meeting the 10,000-ton class of 3,000-ton barges. The requirements for two-way navigation of the fleet and the 3,000-ton cargo ship throughout the year will completely open up the "bottleneck" that plagues the shipping of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, there were only more than 20 small maintenance boats on the Yangtze River channel. The main ones were mainly single-hull wooden ships, and there were almost no dredging ships. In the 1970s and 1980s, they were still mainly single-engine single-rudder ships, and the maintenance support capability. Weak. In recent years, especially since the 10th Five-Year Plan, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has focused on the needs of waterway maintenance and dredging and navigation, focusing on the development and construction of new, high-efficiency waterway maintenance and engineering dredging vessels, 10,000 square meters of self-propelled rafts, 3,500 squares of suction, Ships such as 50-way grab, 300-head rushing suction dredger, 1600 square bucket wheel, and 8-party grab are successively put into use, which effectively solved the maintenance of the deep water channel in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the maintenance of the channel in the dry season of the middle reaches, and the dredging of the upstream stream. Construction problems have achieved good results. At present, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has focused on the construction of large-scale cutters with strong self-propelled construction capabilities such as “Changshi 9â€, which is characterized by complex flow patterns, difficult construction and high navigation requirements. Suction dredgers; for the characteristics of heavy maintenance and insufficient emergency capacity of the mid-stream navigation channel, a batch of suction-type dredgers such as “Sucker No. 2†with dredging capacity and maneuverability are built; one-time maintenance dredging for downstream navigation channels With its large quantity and high density of ships, it has focused on the construction of several large-scale sucking and cutter suction dredgers with a 10,000-ton or more level of “Long Whale No. 6†with high dredging efficiency and little impact on navigation. At the same time, the bureau focused on strengthening the needs of daily maintenance management, and built a number of new navigation vessels, inspection command ships and corresponding barges, docks and other ancillary equipment to improve the maintenance and smoothness of the Yangtze River channel.
The navigation light and the signal station are the "eyes" and the lookout whistle of the river's upward round, and are also the external signs of the Yangtze River channel. In the construction of the channel, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau closely combines the humanities, history and natural scenery along the Yangtze River, and vigorously promotes the landscape of the navigation mark and channel production facilities in accordance with the objectives of “station hotel, rafting, base gardening, and terminal standardizationâ€. The construction of the channel will make the production facilities of the channel more rich in cultural connotation and ornamental value, and become a beautiful landscape on both sides of the river.
Waterway service upgrade
In the shipping industry, there is a saying that there is a lot of money. The increase in the water depth of the channel means that it is possible to take a larger ship and load more cargo, which is the most direct manifestation of the improvement of the navigation conditions.
Since the "10th Five-Year Plan", in order to meet the needs of shipping development, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has improved the water depth of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River according to the actual situation of the navigation channel, and has continuously released the Yangtze River transportation capacity.
In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau began to renovate the 370-kilometer-long Chongqing-Yibin waterway in three phases from 2005, rectifying more than 20 beach risks and more than 1,100 navigational aids. After the treatment, the water depth of the channel from Chongqing to Yibin increased from 1.8 meters to 2.7 meters, the channel grade was increased from four to three, and the navigation conditions were significantly improved. Even in the dry season, the 1,000-ton ship or the 3,000-ton fleet can From Chongqing to Yibin.
In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, in November 2009, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau increased the water depth from the middle of the Yichang to Chenglingji section from 2.9 meters to 3.0 meters, breaking the water depth of 2.9 meters in the dry season of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River since 1953, until 2010. In November, this value was increased to 3.2 meters, and the 5,000-ton ship can be directly sailed from Yichang to Wuhan.
The lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Nanjing are located in the Yangtze River Delta and are an important international gateway. From May to June 2003, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau successfully implemented the navigation project of the Yangtze River from Nanjing to Liuhekou section, and built the 397.5-kilometer waterway into the first rapid waterway on the river. In 2005, the Yangtze River estuary deep-water channel extended its depth by 10 meters. The water depth of the navigation channel of Nanliu section was uniformly increased to 10.5 meters; in May 2009, the maintenance water depth of Wuhu to Nanjing increased from a minimum of 7.5 meters to a maximum of 9.0 meters, and in September 2011 it was raised to 10.5 meters. By 2012, the Yangtze River trunk line Nanjing The water depth of the Taicang section has been raised to 10.8 meters. At this point, the deep water channel of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has reached 438 kilometers, and the 30,000-ton sea-going vessel has been directly connected to the lake, the 50,000-ton sea-going vessel has been directly connected to Taicang, and the third and fourth-generation container ships have entered and exited the Yangtze River estuary all day. The fifth and sixth generation container ships and 100,000-ton bulk carriers and tankers took the tide into and out of the Yangtze River estuary, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River ushered in a new era of direct communication between rivers and seas.
At the beginning of 2012, with the completion of the second phase waterway improvement project of the Yangtze River trunk line, the 2687.8 km channel of the Yangtze River trunk reached the third or third class channel standard, and the whole line crossed from the traditional channel to the high-grade channel, ending In the past, the waterway custody was “depending on the weatherâ€.
While comprehensively strengthening the "hard" construction, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau is also committed to the "soft" construction, through the use of scientific and technological means, to change the way of waterway management, to the management to benefit.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the Yangtze River water transport, the traditional paper navigation reference map cannot meet the current navigation safety requirements due to the long update period and the inability to integrate information with other external equipment to comprehensively reflect navigation information. In order to further improve the comprehensive service level of the channel, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau fully promotes the construction of intelligent waterways and strives to provide more humanized and intelligent information services for the ship. On October 1, 2012, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau announced that the core Yangtze River Electronic Channel Map (version 2.0) of the Yangtze River Channel Intelligent Construction was successfully developed and commissioned on 31 social ships. The map consists of a touch-enabled system. Equipped with computer, light, intuitive and easy to use, the map has automatic recognition and positioning, navigation and auxiliary decision-making, automatic matching and display application, navigation information dynamic query and display and navigation alarm prompts, etc., open the computer, electronic screen will According to the needs of the transport vessel, the waterways with different water depths are displayed, the water depth of the navigation channel in each flight segment is predicted within the next 7 days, and the ship can be remotely monitored and managed in real time.
The principle of the operation of the electronic channel map is to use digital means to process the channel elements of different rivers in the Yangtze River system, and then establish an information database to realize the interconnection and sharing of the channel information of the Yangtze River system, and finally form a network of electronic channel maps of the Yangtze River system, allowing the ship to do Go to "A picture in hand, go straight to the Yangtze River." At present, the research and development work of the Yangtze River Electronic Channel Map (3.0) has been started. The Yangtze River Electronic Channel Map (4.0) has also been included in the R&D plan. At that time, it will also increase the flow rate information, visual distance, channel feature intelligence, and channel dynamics. Quantitative prediction and other functions, in the near future, the rich information provided by the electronic channel map can make the ship scientifically loaded, reasonably select the route, and reduce fuel consumption. During the voyage, the channel condition will be presented to the user through the simulated virtual channel, reducing the number of The impact of the physical channel maintenance workload and the maintenance of the channel on the Yangtze River ecology, the overall development mode of the Yangtze River Channel will be led by the intelligent, into the era of green and low carbon.
In addition, in many scientific research theories, technologies and practices, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau is at the forefront of the national inland waterway. In the new navigation light technology, the solar integrated navigation light independently developed by Zheng Qixiang of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has the advantages of energy saving, long-lasting durability, convenient installation and good navigational effect. It has won several national patents and filled the technology in related fields. Blank, currently in the Yangtze River trunk line above the Wuhu River and other inland waterways in China, economic and social benefits are good; in the ship equipment technology, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has built a large number of applications digital sensing, computer technology, GPS global positioning system The new construction ship equipment with advanced technology has improved the construction capacity and efficiency of ship equipment, and is at an advanced level in domestic dredging equipment. On the Yangtze River route control, the theory and technology of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau have been basically mature, and many ecological technological innovations such as deep water subsidence, new dam structure, underwater remediation building inspection, ecological slope protection, small artillery repellent, etc. have been achieved. It has effectively improved the quality and durability of the Yangtze River Channel Improvement Project.
Over the past few years, the Yangtze River Channel has invested more than 97 million yuan in research funding, organized 281 key scientific and technological innovation research projects, and achieved a number of major scientific and technological achievements. Some of the achievements have reached the international advanced level, and 18 national patents have been obtained. 18 of the above-mentioned science and technology awards, including 1 first prize, 8 second prizes, 9 third prizes, 9 construction techniques above the provincial and ministerial level, and the independent innovation capability of the Yangtze River Channel has been significantly improved, providing a strong channel construction. Technology protection.
Characteristic culture highlights
Since the 10th Five-Year Plan, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has attached great importance to people's livelihood work while developing. On the basis of in-depth investigations by the masses, it has conducted a comprehensive and systematic study on the overall livelihood issues, and insisted on vigorously implementing the “Spring Breeze Action†and “Spring Rain†every year. "Planning" and other people's livelihood projects, effectively doing good deeds and doing practical things for the workers and the masses, and working hard to solve the most concerned, most direct and most realistic interests of the masses.
In order to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the staff, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has successively built a large number of staff bookstores, gymnasiums, reading rooms, activity rooms, and honor rooms. Three staff bookstores have become demonstration sites for the construction of national staff bookstores. The bureau continued to carry out the "Spring Rain Plan", implemented the quality standard of employees, and carried out large-scale skill training and academic education to improve the cultural knowledge level of the staff and workers; vigorously carry out the "Spring Breeze Action", combined with the transformation of barges, the docking of ships and other benefits. The project has successively built a large number of modern, landscaped and culturally rich waterway stations, docks and barges, which improved the working and living environment of the cadres and workers, and organized the literary and art squad to go to the grassroots first-line condolence performances throughout the year to enrich the first-line construction. The cultural life of workers; in 2012, the Yangtze River Channel Literature and Art Federation was formally established. The association established mass art groups such as literature, photography, calligraphy, fine arts, music and dance associations, and actively encouraged employees to create literary and artistic works. The literary and artistic performances further innovated the forms of cultural activities and the field of cultural construction. The bureau also regularly conducts a comprehensive range of "skills", "physical" and "smart" competitions to guide employees to improve their quality, strengthen their physical fitness, and cultivate their souls. While enjoying the cultural achievements of the Yangtze River Channel, the quality of life and happiness index The development of the Yangtze River Channel is more stable and stable.
During the major festivals such as New Year's Day, Spring Festival, May Day and National Day, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau's trade unions will go to the frontline maintenance and production line, the external construction site, the difficult workers' families, and the model workers to see the frontline workers, the difficult employees, and the model workers. Only 2012 In the year, he sympathized with 56 grassroots teams, more than 50 laborers, and 97 hard-working employees. The amount of condolences was more than 300,000 yuan. In order to help the employees in difficulty, the trade union of the bureau also formulated the “Administrative Measures for the Support and Consolation Work of the Trade Unions of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureauâ€, which investigated the situation of the employees in difficulty, improved and improved the files of the employees in difficulty, and implemented dynamic management and tracking assistance. Emergency assistance.
As an industry with a long history and profound cultural heritage, the Yangtze River Channel attaches great importance to the improvement of cultural soft power. In recent years, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau has built a culture of “green waterway, smooth service†around the strategic goals of cultural strength and cultural development. Brand, and insist on the deep integration of cultural construction and the creation of efficient navigation channels, and actively adapt to the transformation of ship demand from “going to†to “going wellâ€, and implementing “one-word commitment†to the shipping and port enterprises in the navigation channel maintenance management. One-stop service, integrated management, "three one" service initiatives, constantly innovating service concepts, improving service measures, and improving service quality.
Under the leadership of the main brand of “Green Waterway, Smooth Serviceâ€, the construction of the Yangtze River Channel Culture sub-brand has flourished. In the upstream reservoir area, the sub-brands of “Sailing a Thousand Miles, Roads and Worlds†focus on creating a beautiful reservoir area and a civilized corridor. The sub-brand of the “Mighty Eyes, Smooth Jingjiang†in the middle reaches is dedicated to building a smooth and efficient high-grade waterway. "Sub-brands are fully committed to building deep-water channels, digital waterways, and humanities waterways. The “Green Waterway, Smooth Service†cultural brand was awarded the “National Transportation Enterprise Culture Construction Brand Unit†by the Ministry of Transport in 2012. The Yangtze River Waterway Bureau Headquarters and Wuhan Engineering Bureau and Chongqing Waterway Bureau continued to maintain the title of “National Civilized Unitâ€, Wuhan The Waterway Bureau won the National May 1st Labor Award. The “National Civilized Model Waterway†was established in the 391-kilometer section of Fengdu-Fengjie in the Three Gorges reservoir area. By the end of 2012, all the Yangtze River trunk channels have been created as provincial-level civilized model waterways, and more than half of the segments have become national civilized model waterways.
Golden waterway
At present, due to the transportation advantages of the Yangtze River Golden Waterway, the “Steel Corridorâ€, “Petrochemical Corridorâ€, “Automotive Industry Corridorâ€, “Power Industry Corridor†and the Agricultural Economic Industry Belt have gradually formed along the Yangtze River. The dependence on the golden waterway and its tributaries reached 9%, of which the industrial dependence reached 14.32%. The dependence of raw materials transportation along the Yangtze River heavy chemical industry on water transportation was over 80%.
As the busiest area of ​​China's domestic river shipping, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the Yangtze River Delta have higher voices for further digging into the Yangtze River's shipping capacity. Located in the southwestern provinces and cities on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, due to resource development, relying on water transport development in recent years along the Yangtze River economy It is also showing rapid development momentum. The Yangtze River water transport has become an important way for the "Western Development"; the three provinces of Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou, which are in the middle reaches, hope to take advantage of the Yangtze River to build a "middle triangle" economic belt and implement the "Rise of Central China" strategy. .
Due to the transportation advantages of the Yangtze River golden waterway and the promotion of upstream and downstream industries, the economic growth along the Yangtze River region has clearly formed the characteristics of heavy chemical industry. Metallurgy, petrochemical, electric power, automobile, building materials, electromechanical and other large water consumption and energy consumption. The large-capacity industries continue to gather and become the main driving force for national economic growth. The linkage between the development of the Yangtze River shipping industry and the development of the industry along the Yangtze River is increasing. With the rapid development of heavy chemical industry along the Yangtze River, the two major cargo categories of coal and metal ore in the Yangtze River trunk freight have risen to the first and second largest cargo categories respectively. It plays an increasingly important role in the process of industrialization along the Yangtze River.
Through years of rectification and construction, the current channel conditions of the Yangtze River trunk line have been significantly improved, and the capacity has been greatly released. It also plays a leading role in ore, building materials, cement, bulk dry bulk and container transportation. At present, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River can be used for navigating ships of 500 tons to 3,000 tons, and the midstream can sail ships of 1,000 to 5,000 tons of inland rivers and fleets. The downstream can sail 5,000 to 50,000 tons of sea vessels. The construction of the Yangtze River channel has effectively promoted the development of the Yangtze River waterway and the economy along the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River channel has become the main skeleton of the comprehensive transportation system along the Yangtze River in China, which has effectively promoted the formation of the economic belt along the Yangtze River and the development of the export-oriented economy.