[China Instrument Network Instrument Development] Laser is synonymous with precision, but in general, there is room for improvement. A "perfect" laser emits light at a specific wavelength. Light is emitted from the laser. After the laser starts, one or more longitudinal modes are generated. The frequency range of each longitudinal mode is the “line width†of the laser.
Narrowing the line width as much as possible is one of the goals of laser research. Now German researchers have developed the world's smallest linewidth laser with a linewidth of only 10 mHz (0.01 Hz).
In general, the best lasers can have linewidths as narrow as a few kHz, but for particularly accurate instruments, such as optical atomic clocks, they need to be further narrowed. Another way to measure the quality of the laser beam is the stability of the optical frequency: after a certain period of time, the oscillation of the light wave will appear out of synch, so that a laser beam can maintain a longer “perfect†time, and its quality will be better. good.
New lasers jointly developed by scientists from the German Federal Institute of Physics and Technology (PTB) and the United States Joint Laboratory for Astrophysics (JILA) perform well in both fields. In addition to its minimal line width of 10 mHz, the light wave can remain stable for 11 seconds. At this time, the beam extends about 3.3 million kilometers, which is about 10 times the distance between Earth and Moon.
In fact, the new laser is very accurate and difficult to compare with existing lasers. To prove its value, the team developed two lasers and compared them to each other. These two devices are made of Fabry-Pérot silicon resonators and contain two fixed mirrors that face each other. Since the length of the resonator determines the frequency of the light wave, the researchers used a resonator with a length of 21 cm to obtain the ideal laser beam. Researchers use such precise measurements to make the instrument undisturbed by other factors such as pressure, vibration, and temperature.
Researchers are using this new line of lasers to create more accurate atomic clocks and more accurate measurements of ultracold atoms. The researchers believe that by adjusting the composition of the mirror and finding a way to reduce the internal temperature of the resonator, the line width can be further narrowed down to even below 1 mHz.
The research was published in the Physical Review Letters.
(Original title: Germany has developed the world's smallest linewidth laser only 10 mHz)
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